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Subject: How Mud Can Affect Animal Performance
Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2008 10:19:14 -0600
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<CENTER><IMG=20
alt=3D"Virginia Cooperative Extension - Knowledge for the CommonWealth"=20
src=3D"http://www.ext.vt.edu/images/banner.gif"> </CENTER>
<P><STRONG>How Mud Can Affect Animal Performance</STRONG>=20
<P><B>Dairy Pipeline: February 2008</B>
<P>M. Chase Scott, Extension Agent, Southwest Virginia<BR>(276) =
223-6040; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:miscott1@vt.edu">miscott1@vt.edu</A>=20
<P align=3Dcenter><IMG src=3D"http://www.ext.vt.edu/images/tealbar.gif"> =

<P align=3Dleft>While mired tractors and sucked-off boots are annoying =
reminders=20
of the inconveniences of mud, its effect on animal performance is often=20
overlooked. Animal performance, whether that is making milk or lbs. of =
growth,=20
is determined by the nutrients the animal is consuming, one of which is =
energy.=20
<P align=3Dleft>As the environmental temperature decreases below the=20
thermo-neutral zone the maintenance energy requirement increases. The=20
thermo-neutral zone is between 23=BA- 77=BAF, depending on cattle age =
and size. The=20
maintenance energy requirement is the amount of energy required to =
maintain an=20
animal, not including growing, producing milk, or maintaining pregnancy. =

Exposure to mud affects the energy requirement of cattle in two ways. =
First, the=20
animal has to exert more energy to move from point A to point B. Second, =
mud=20
caked to the animal decreases their insulating capabilities. The caked =
mud acts=20
as a =93wick=94 that draws energy out of the animal in cold =
temperatures. Table 1=20
shows the negative effect different depths of mud, relative to the =
animal, has=20
on weight gain.=20
<P align=3Dleft>As seen in the table housing cattle in mud not only =
looks bad, but=20
can also be expensive. Loss of potential gain affects the overall feed=20
efficiency of the animal, translating into a higher cost per lb. of =
gain.=20
Another consideration when reviewing Table 1, it takes less mud to reach =
the=20
hock on younger cattle. This cost is further compounded by current high =
feed=20
cost. As you look at your operation this winter consider the following:=20
<BLOCKQUOTE>
  <P align=3Dleft>&#9658;If using movable hay feeders and/or troughs, =
move feeders often=20
  to minimize manure/mud accumulation<BR>&#9658;Consider rolling round =
bales of hay=20
  out<BR>&#9658;Rotate feeding areas<BR>&#9658;Restrict cattle access to =
poorly drained=20
  areas<BR>&#9658;Scrape feeding pads more often </P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P align=3Dleft>Table 1. Loss of gain caused by mud, 21 to 39=BAF</P>
<TABLE width=3D338 border=3D2>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD width=3D166>
      <DIV align=3Dcenter>Mud depth on the animal</DIV></TD>
    <TD width=3D162>
      <DIV align=3Dcenter>Potential Loss of Gain</DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dright>No Mud</DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dcenter>0%</DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dright>Dewclaw deep</DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dcenter>7%</DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dright>Shin deep</DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dcenter>14%</DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dright>Below hock</DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dcenter>21%</DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dright>Hock deep</DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dcenter>28%</DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dright>Belly deep</DIV></TD>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=3Dcenter>35%</DIV></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD colSpan=3D2><FONT size=3D2><SUP>a</SUP> Beef Feeder, University =
of=20
      Nebraska, August 1991</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Reference:<BR>Beef Feeder. 1991. A sure cure to sure footing. =
University of=20
Nebraska Institute of Agriculture. August=20
<P>
<P align=3Dcenter>. <IMG =
src=3D"http://www.ext.vt.edu/images/tealbar.gif">=20
<BR><BR><FONT size=3D4><B>Visit</B><A href=3D"http://www.ext.vt.edu/"> =
Virginia=20
Cooperative Extension</A></FONT> </P></BODY></HTML>

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